1. 從Wikipedia在2009/3/23以「innovation」當關鍵字進行查詢時，得到有關innovation的定義如下：
"The term innovation means a new way of doing something. It may refer to incremental, radical, and revolutionary changes in thinking, products, processes, or organizations. A distinction is typically made between invention, an idea made manifest, and innovation, ideas applied successfully. In many fields, something new must be substantially different to be innovative, not an insignificant change, e.g., in the arts, economics, business and government policy. In economics the change must increase value, customer value, or producer value. The goal of innovation is positive change, to make someone or something better. Innovation leading to increased productivity is the fundamental source of increasing wealth in an economy."
2. 經濟學大師Joseph Schumpeter在其大作"The Theory of Economic Development" (中文翻譯為「經濟發展理論」，由左岸文化出版）中，首度從經濟學的角度提出有關「創新」的觀念，他認為 經濟的發展主要是來自於新的組合(New Combinations)的產生（New combination後來用innovation一詞取代），這與發明(Invention)不同。而這樣的創新可能是下列的其中一種：
3. 管理學大師Peter Drucker認 為「創新是賦予資源創造財富的新能力，使資源變成真正的資源(Innovation is the means by which the entrepreneur either creates new wealth-producing resources or endows existing resources with enhanced potential for creating wealth.)」，而創新並不是來自於靈機一動，成功的創新通常是刻意的、有目的的在少數的狀況下找尋創新的機會(Most Innovations, especially the successful ones, result fromo a conscious, purposeful search for innovation opportunities, which are found in only a few situations.)。有找尋到創新機會有兩個來源，一個是企業或是產業內部(within company or industry)，一個是企業外部有關的社會或是智慧(?)環境(outside a company in its social and intellectual environment.)。
企業或產業內部有四：
企業外部有三：
4. 一位知名的管理與心理學教授Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi，在其「創造力(Creativity)」的書中，則從心理學出發，探討「創意」的本質，而其後來更進一步的從更宏觀的觀點，來定義「創造力」的真正意涵，而此意涵可提供定義「創新」一詞另一種角度的思考。
他所要探討創造力的重點，是針對在若干重要事項上的見解，能改變我們的文化，而他們的成就由大眾界定，像是達文西、畢卡索、愛因斯坦等。而這些見解或是理念，必須以別人能夠理解的方式陳述之，並得通過專家的檢閱，最後還得被納入所屬的文化範疇。而他認為「創造力」可以被視為一個系統，此系統由三個要項組成：
"The term innovation means a new way of doing something. It may refer to incremental, radical, and revolutionary changes in thinking, products, processes, or organizations. A distinction is typically made between invention, an idea made manifest, and innovation, ideas applied successfully. In many fields, something new must be substantially different to be innovative, not an insignificant change, e.g., in the arts, economics, business and government policy. In economics the change must increase value, customer value, or producer value. The goal of innovation is positive change, to make someone or something better. Innovation leading to increased productivity is the fundamental source of increasing wealth in an economy."
2. 經濟學大師Joseph Schumpeter在其大作"The Theory of Economic Development" (中文翻譯為「經濟發展理論」，由左岸文化出版）中，首度從經濟學的角度提出有關「創新」的觀念，他認為 經濟的發展主要是來自於新的組合(New Combinations)的產生（New combination後來用innovation一詞取代），這與發明(Invention)不同。而這樣的創新可能是下列的其中一種：
- 引入一種新的產品(產品創新, The introduction of a new good — that is one with which consumers are not yet familiar — or of a new quality of a good.)
- 採用一種新的生產方式(流程創新, The introduction of a new method of production, which need by no means be founded upon a discovery scientifically new, and can also exist in a new way of handling a commodity commercially.)
- 開闢一個新市場(市場創新, The opening of a new market, that is a market into which the particular branch of manufacture of the country in question has not previously entered, whether or not this market has existed before.)
- 獲得一種原料或半成品的新的供給來源(輸入創新, The conquest of a new source of supply of raw materials or half-manufactured goods, again irrespective of whether this source already exists or whether it has first to be created.)
- 實行一種新的企業組織形式(組織創新, The carrying out of the new organization of any industry, like the creation of a monopoly position [for example through trustification] or the breaking up of a monopoly position.)
3. 管理學大師Peter Drucker認 為「創新是賦予資源創造財富的新能力，使資源變成真正的資源(Innovation is the means by which the entrepreneur either creates new wealth-producing resources or endows existing resources with enhanced potential for creating wealth.)」，而創新並不是來自於靈機一動，成功的創新通常是刻意的、有目的的在少數的狀況下找尋創新的機會(Most Innovations, especially the successful ones, result fromo a conscious, purposeful search for innovation opportunities, which are found in only a few situations.)。有找尋到創新機會有兩個來源，一個是企業或是產業內部(within company or industry)，一個是企業外部有關的社會或是智慧(?)環境(outside a company in its social and intellectual environment.)。
企業或產業內部有四：
- 意料之外的事件(Unexpected occurrences)
- 不一致的狀況(Incongruities)
- 基於程序的需要(Process needs)
- 產業或市場結構突然的改變(Industry and market changes)
企業外部有三：
- 人口結構的變動(Demographic changes)
- 認知、情緒和以及意義上的改變(Changes in perception)
- 新知識- 包括科學的與非科學的(New knowledge)
4. 一位知名的管理與心理學教授Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi，在其「創造力(Creativity)」的書中，則從心理學出發，探討「創意」的本質，而其後來更進一步的從更宏觀的觀點，來定義「創造力」的真正意涵，而此意涵可提供定義「創新」一詞另一種角度的思考。
他所要探討創造力的重點，是針對在若干重要事項上的見解，能改變我們的文化，而他們的成就由大眾界定，像是達文西、畢卡索、愛因斯坦等。而這些見解或是理念，必須以別人能夠理解的方式陳述之，並得通過專家的檢閱，最後還得被納入所屬的文化範疇。而他認為「創造力」可以被視為一個系統，此系統由三個要項組成：
- 領域(domain)：由一套抽象的規則與步驟所構成
- 學門(field)：包還所有扮演守門的角色者，他們的工作是要判定一項理念或產品能否被納進某領域
- 個人(individual person)：當個人運用領域所賦予的符號，有了新的概念或看到新的模式，經適合的學門納到相關的領域，創造立於焉產生。
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